Something That Changed My Life

Frank Tsiboe Ms. Brooks 9th Honors LA 21 November, 2011 A Word To The Wise Is Enough: Look at me now, you see a student but no one will have ever thought I was just someone adding up to the number of students at school. I was once the person who didn’t care about my education or future because I thought I would always have my parents, but I grew up and understood they won’t always be there for me. I remember I hardly had a B or an A until my mom told me what I didn’t know. I didn’t know I had a chance a lot of people didn’t have, I didn’t know I had a chance a lot of people wish they had. Once I brought my report card and it wasn’t good at all. Then my mom sat me down and told me something that changed my life. She told me she didn’t have the chance I was getting and she wished she had completed school but her parents were never there for her. My mom lived with her grandmother who took care of her and saw her through her school but unfortunately she couldn’t complete school, unfortunately she had to drop out because there was no money to support her through school. she had to struggle to get It’s funny because my mom actually had the same problem as I had but then she realized she wasn’t hurting anybody but herself, but nobody had to sit her down to talk to her she realized it by herself. She later changed her attitude her school and started putting an effort.

Gay Ane Lesbian Exam Being Worked

gay and lesbian marriage i do not think the law should or shouldent be passed but i had to chose one and if they want to be happy why cant the get married. Australia currently bans recognition of same sex marriage although as of 2011 the federal labour party government officially changed its position to allow a vote on the same sex marriage despite Prime Minister Julia Gillard’s opposition to such a vote. ne main reason people are against it is because they might want a child and people think that the child will grow up in a unstable environment because studies have show that a heterosexual relationship/marriage last 20 years or longer with many wedded for life. a vast majority of homosexual relations are temporary. In 2008 a study of 390 gay and lesbian people Victorians found that 1 in 7 reported fear of violence. This fear is justified in that nearly 85 precent of respondents has been subjected to some form of homophobic violence in their life time.Homophobia is a fear of h omosexuality; some people are threatened by people who have other sexual preferences than their own. gay and lesbian marriage today i am here to talk to u about one of the dabates that the australian goverment are having the one about same sex marriage rights. i belive that the law should be accepted because people can not help who they fall in love,some spectics think that gay marriage will lead to more devorces but accoding to Divorceform. org 74% of the population gets devorced every year but that is only the heterosexual couples.

Women

Women have a significant importance in the society. They play the fundamental role in the improvement of a nation. In many societies, the place of women has been discussed for numerous times. Each society placed the women in their society variously. Their view of women had shaped according to their style of living, culture, laws, and religion. Even in the modern era, the place of the women is still not clear. It can be seen the level of development of a civilization by looking how women are positioned in that civilization. Although women sometimes lived in a state of liberty, they mainly have limited life. Almost every emerging civilization had set limits on women's freedom of expression and travel. Unfortunately, in much of human history, women had treated as they were the second-class citizen and women were expected to be submissive. Mostly, they were depended on their husbands or fathers. To give an example, in Ancient Greece, women did not have many rights. Women were not permitted to become a citizen of the Athenian city-state. Since they were not able to own their property, they were not able to hold full citizenship rights. Women actually had fewer rights than slaves because they were never allowed their own freedoms (GreekBoston.com). Also, Emory Adams Allen stated that Athenian women were always minors, subject to some male- to their father, to their brother, or to some of their male kin (444). There was even this saying in Ancient Greece time †The best woman is the one who never speaks† (Berktay 106) As a matter of fact, many examples can be given from history such as Romans, Ancient Egypt etc. Though, the point is that the women in many societies somehow suffered enough. Surely, the suffering of women is not only belonging to the past. Still, women are exposed to verbal abuse, violence, they are forcing into the marriage etc. It needs to point out that there is not only one homogenous and unchangeable woman concept. However, all the women regardless of their race, status, and religion had faced inequality at some point in their lives.The way women are perceived in societies has many factors. One of the greatest factors can be their culture. Since the roles and activities of men are determined by the cultural systems in the societies, the effect of the cultural factor is essential. Culture cannot be defined as a single concept. It covers many aspects such as the style of living, manners, customs, arts, values, morals etc. As anticipated, culture can differ from society to another one. For instance, Turks and Arabs are often confused to have a same cultural system just because they share the same religion. However, those cultural differences were even before the Islam. In pre-Islamic Arab culture, when someone has a daughter as a firstborn, it would be a shame for them. On the contrary for Turks, there were people who wanted Oghuz Lord's prayers to have a daughter (Gà ¶kalp 26). On the other hand, even after Turks' acceptance of Islam, there were great differences between Arabs and Turks such as the monogamy. Arabs have a polygamy culture rather than the monogamy. For this reason, even though both nations are sharing the same religion, the disparities can be seen effortlessly. After touching upon the effect of the culture briefly, now it should be mention another massive effect of perceiving the women, and that is the religion. This paper is an attempt to discuss how women perceived in Christianity and Islam.Before discussing the place of women in Christianity, it is essential to know about the main concept of the human beings in this religion. ‘How human beings are portrayed in Christianity?' The man is considered to be sinful and filthy. Therefore, when an infant comes into the world, (s)he will be baptized to purified from sins and filths. The reason for baptism is to get rid of the original sin which was Adam's and Eve's disobedience to God for eating a forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil in the Garden of Eden. It needs to point out that, according to Bible, Adam committed the sin because of Eve tempted him. Eve is portrayed as a seductive woman. Furthermore, Eve is considered to be the first human who fell into sin. As if she is the initiator of all the evilness. Eve is also responsible for the original sin because she tempted Adam. For this reason, women had linked with evil concepts such as wickedness, sin, and seductiveness. The view of women in Christianity has few problems. Church fathers, theologians, and authors have interpreted the bible to the extreme forms to create a widespread feminist literature. (Berktay 105) To give an example, Saint Augustinus, who preoccupied with an incomprehensible mystery of why God created the woman, states that a woman cannot be created only to be a companion for a man. Moreover, a woman simply cannot be created for helping a man because a man can perform this task better. Hence, Augustinus comes to the conclusion that woman has no value aside from child-bringing (Brundage 85). Another North African Christian theologian Tertullianus, who was an extreme misogynist, declared as: You are the gate of hell woman! You are the first to oppose the law of God; you deceived such a man that even the devil would not dare come close to him. You easily ruined the man who was created in the image of God. Because of your blame, even the son of God must die! (Ruther 157). The Christian Bible consists of two main parts, the first part is the Old Testament and the second part is the New Testament. Old testament almost has the same content in Tanakh which is the holy scripture of Jews. However, Tanakh is called Old Testament by Christians and they interpret Tanakh differently. The woman in Old Testament begins with Genesis 2:18 † The Lord God said, â€Å"It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him.† It can say that loneliness is not good for the man so that God created a helper for the man, and the helper was Eve. The word of the man refers to Adam. Suitable partner that is in the verse can be defined as a fitting partner for a man. Being partner is also relative to marriage. Afterwards, Eve's creation is mentioned in Genesis 2:21-22 † So the Lord God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep; and while he was sleeping, he took one of the man's ribs and then closed up the place with flesh. Then the Lord God made a woman from the rib he had taken out of the man, and he brought her to the man.† According to David Guzik, who is a pastor, God used Adam's own body to create Eve to forever remind him of their essential oneness. Eve and Adam made from same substance. They are more alike than they are different (Guzik). The creation of the human race started in Adam. In Genesis 3:16 † To the woman He said, â€Å"I will make your pains in childbearing very severe; with painful labor you will give birth to children. Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you.† This verse is the God's curse and punishment upon the woman. The Women were cursed with the severe pain. A woman has to be under the authority of a man, and a wife has to be under the authority of a husband. Man is to lead woman. A woman should be submissive and she must let him to rule over her. Genesis 19 is about the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. However, the man who offers his two daughters to the men to rape them instead of two angles that comes to the Sodom is ultimately dreadful. †Lot went outside to meet them and shut the door behind him. and said, â€Å"No, my friends. Don't do this wicked thing. Look, I have two daughters who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you can do what you like with them. But don't do anything to these men, for they have come under the protection of my roof.† (Genesis 19:6-8). The low place of women is can be seen easily in these verses, Lot is willing to prostitute his two daughters. In Exodus 21:7-11 And if a man sells his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do. If she please not her master who hath betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be redeemed. To sell her unto a strange nation he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her. And if he has betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters. If he takes for himself another wife, her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage shall he not diminish. And if he does not do these three unto her, then shall she go out free, without money. During the ancient times, slavery was very common for both man and woman. However, when other male servants had right to walk out, female servants had no right to. As in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and the Collages book states that the reason for the different treatment of female slaves is to be found in the fact that a female slave was as a rule her master's concubine (Perowne). These verses refer that it was alright to trade women and female slaves, and undesirable female slaves can be released without money. In addition to that, polygamy was allowed.The distinction between having a male child and female child and it is consequences can be seen in Leviticus 12:1-5: Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, â€Å"Speak to the children of Israel, saying: ‘If a woman has conceived, and borne a male child, then she shall be unclean seven days; as in the days of her customary impurity she shall be unclean. And on the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised. She shall then continue in the blood of her purification thirty-three days. She shall not touch any hallowed thing, nor come into the sanctuary until the days of her purification are fulfilled. But if she bears a female child, then she shall be unclean two weeks, as in her customary impurity, and she shall continue in the blood of her purification sixty-six days. † These verses are about the ritual impurity after the child-bringing. After a male child comes into the world and circumcised on the eighth day, the woman will be unclean until the eighth day. As David Guzik's commentary on the main understanding of this ceremony is to understand the idea of original sin. Every birth another sinner was brought into the world, and the woman was here symbolically responsible for bringing a new sinner into the world. (Guzik). Moreover, as it seen the period of impurities is increased when having a female child, and the reason for this can be a female child will also give birth a sinner in the future. Leviticus 21:9 states that † And the daughter of any priest, if she profanes herself by playing the whore, she profanity her father: she shall be burnt with fire.† Since the daughter of a priest represents the religion she needs to be careful about her behaviors and she has the responsibility of being a daughter of a priest. Therefore, they need to follow the religion accordingly. However, this verse states that if she dishonors of herself the consequences would be punished fiercely with burning. It is a massive punishment. It needs to emphasize that Why only the daughters of a priest are responsible to follow the religion properly and they are punished when they dishonor themselves but no sons? The sons of a priest are not even mentioned. The way the widows and divorced women were perceived in the Old Testament was not that positive. To give an example, in Ezekiel 44:22 † They must not marry widows or divorced women; they may marry only virgins of Israelite descent or widows of priests.† It is obvious that the priests were not allowed to marry a divorced woman or widows except a priest's divorced wife. Discrimination against divorced women and widows can be observed through this verse.

Business Ethics and Social Responsibilities Essay

Business Ethics and Social Responsibilities - Essay Example The decision making process for incorporating ethics then becomes one of the most important values that are associated with businesses and the changes which occur in terms of defining and keeping specific ethical values. Decision Making Processes Traditionally, business ethics have been defined by the basic values that any corporation decides to reflect to the public and to implement within the organizational environment. However, the term is one which is now beginning to expand based on dimensional changes which are occurring within the corporation and in the environment. The decision making process to implement or change ethics is one which is now defined by the institution of business ethics and the changes which are required for businesses. Pressure from management and the association with the internal environment is one of the ways in which the process has changed. The influence of stakeholders, environmental concerns, social issues and political expectations have continued to i nfluence the process more with the recent trends in decision making processes. Ethical considerations not only relate to the basic foundations of a business but now also link to the internal and external pressures that are developing new standards for corporations (Ferrell, Fraedrich, 2009). The decision making process for ethics not only incorporates the various influences but also becomes based on the strategic implementation of plans, as opposed to the value and ethics which are primary for most in the business. The concept is one which leads to initiatives such as looking at the moral and value considerations and how this will affect the investments and finances. Stakeholder investments as well as the positive and negative influences are some of the areas that become primary considerations for ethical implementation. In a recent study (Hofmann, Hoelzl, Kirchler, 2007), it was noted that the moral considerations had a direct impact on the revenue which was created within the comp any. Moral behavior, such as the treatment of employees, had a direct correlation with the overall profitability as well as the expected dividends per share. Controlling profit, specifically when noted from this study, then directly correlates with the planning and implementation of moral treatment and ethical considerations and reflects with the stakeholder value and overall profits which are developed from a corporation (Hofmann, Hoelzl, Kirchler,2007). Processes for the Internal Environment The importance of strategically implementing the morals and values within a corporation lead to changes which occur with the internal and external environment. The effects which are created strategically are able to provide not only overall profit but also change the cultural effects within the organization. The process of ethical and moral considerations then becomes strategic for the overall quality and functions of an organization. More than having a foundation for the ethics of a business is the need to incorporate this in terms of the environment and how this will affect the different functions which one has. The process for the internal environment first begins with the decision making of having specific ethics that allow the managers and employees to follow specific rules. This is followed by reflections of the corporation that are associated with corporate responsibility which is continuously taken and a part of

English Research Paper #3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English Research Paper #3 - Essay Example The existing psychological studies seem not to cover the true extent of its possibility as a variety of criticisms and analysis of this nature focused on the psychological interpretation of the fiction mainly treating them as unconscious manifestation of the writer's own problems. However, it is possible to undertake a more detailed psychological reading of his fiction, reaching beyond the conventional psychological analyses, in order to identify the author's awareness of the unconscious processes and imaginative powers. Thus, a detailed psychological analysis of the fiction by Poe, especially the major short stories such as "The Cask of Amontillado," reveals that the author was unusually aware of the often incomprehensible mental unconscious processes and also that he possessed tremendous understanding and control of the mental make up as Poe was blessed with a conscious theory of the mind and in this paper we undertake such an analysis. It is the author's skill in developing the ch aracter along the psychological path, completely understanding the way a character should act in similar situations, what helps him in creating characters of great recognition. A profound analysis of the story "the Cask of Amontillado" proves this great mastery of Poe in characterization. To have a closer understanding of the biography and literary career of Edgar Allen Poe, before we proceed exploring the psychological analysis of "the Cask of Amontillado," we may state that the short career of the great American literary genius which came to a sudden tragic end due to drug abuse and consumption of alcohol was enough to carve an everlasting literary monument of prose and poetry that reminds the generations of the master craftsman. This great literary genius was born on January 19, 1809, in Boston as the son of David, Jr. (a lawyer-turned actor) and Elizabeth Poe (an English actress) and was blessed with a good literary background. He acquired fame as a novelist, critic, short story writer, and poet and worked in various literary magazines such as Burlington Gentleman's Magazine, Evening Mirror, and Graham's Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine. Significantly, Poe "was far ahead of his time in his vision of a special area of human experience--the "inner world" of dream, ha llucination, and imagination." (Edgar Allan Poe, Bibliographical Essay, 2004). Poe has numerous poetry collections such as Tamerlane and Other Poems: By a Bostonian (1827), Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems (1829), Poems (1831), The Raven and Other Poems (1845), and Eureka: A Prose Poem (1848), stories like Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840), Prose Romances: The Murders in the Rue Morgue and The Man That Was Used Up (1843), and Tales (1845) etc to his credit. It is most significant that "Poe's stature as a major figure in world literature is primarily based on his ingenious and profound short stories, poems, and critical theories, which established a highly influential rationale for the short form in both poetry and fiction." (Edgar Allan Poe, Sidelights, 2004). Most remarkably, "there is a psychological intensity that is characteristic of Poe's writings, especially the tales of horror that comprise his best and best-known works. These stories--which

The 5 Dysfunctions of a Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The 5 Dysfunctions of a Team - Essay Example Lencioni believe that these five "feed on each other" in destroying the success of the group. Lencioni emphasized the negative effects of the absence of trust in a team. Without this, any member of a team will not harmoniously work with each other. This breeds another dysfunction: fear of airing of constructive and genuine opinions to his group members. In a team with closed communication lines, team members rarely commit to clear and agreed upon decisions. Without lucid commitment to a clear plan of action, hesitation of each member to be accountable to his action will most likely follow. Whenever accountability is not held by members of a team, results of the team will be unnoticed. Inattention to results will consequentially create an environment wherein team members put their individual needs above that of those of the group. As we can see the existence of one creates a chain reaction that often results the emergence of the rest. What engenders the greatest impact on me upon reading Lencioni's solutions to these five dysfunctions masterpiece is the author's solutions or countermeasures to the first dysfunction, the lack or absence of trust. He first stressed the importance of having a competent leader in a group. He will instigate discipline and persistence that the rest of his team members need. He should initiate the solutions posed by Lencioni.

Cameron Mackintosh's Contribution to the Development of the Essay

Cameron Mackintosh's Contribution to the Development of the Megamusical - Essay Example Mackintosh, Cameron born was a British theatrical producer who oversaw the era of the international "megamusical" in the 1980s and 1990s, becoming the worlds most prominent and powerful impresario. Mackintosh was born on Oct. 17, 1946, in Enfield, Middlesex, England, to Ian Mackintosh, a Scottish timber merchant and jazz trumpeter, and Maltese-born Diana Tonna Mackintosh, who had been actor Nigel Patricks secretary when the couple met in Italy during World War II. Eight-year-old Mackintosh was taken to see a production of the musical Salad Days, after which he demanded to speak to the author, Julian Slade, who gave him a backstage tour and instilled in the boy a fascination with theatrical production. Mackintosh studied stage management at the Central School of Speech and Drama in London but left after one year. He became a stagehand at Londons Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, cleaning the auditorium after performances to earn extra money. His first West End presentation, a 1969 revival of Anything Goes, failed. In 1976, however, his production of the musical revue Side by Side by Sondheim ran 781 performances in London before transferring to Broadway, his first stateside effort. (Lawson, 1999)

Discipline of planning policy in the UK Assignment

Discipline of planning policy in the UK - Assignment Example This paper is intended to explain the national, regional and local framework for planning policy and practice identifying the main instruments for plan making in the UK. The paper focuses on particular policies relating to sustainable urban regeneration and critically examines the impact which these polices have had on a selected city in England.The salient feature of the UK planning system consists in a paradox – being born and clearly rooted in local government practice (Cherry, 1988, p.72) during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it tended to be highly centralised over the time, but in contrast with many other countries, there is a lack of a spatial plan at national level (Balchin, Sykora and Bull, 1999, p.89). It may have its origins in the British governmental system which, as Cherry writes (1988, p.183) is generally characterised by three-component, interactive structure providing periodic responses to demand for reform and innovation. The first element is the bureaucracy (local government and the civil service) which is conservative in terms of outlook; the second are the active pressure groups – reformist in nature; and the third element is represented by the elected politicians who decide policy and implement the taken decisions. Given this scenario, planning regulations are categorically a political act and represent the outcome of conflict/degree of compromise between competing views. Plan making itself, being considered not just a technical activity, but deeply political, deriving legitimacy from values expressed in the community, has become a highly sophisticated process of complex bargaining and negotiation, in which powerful interests (including professions) ‘both mediate and promote their preferences’ (Cherry, 1988, p.184). There are three distinctive patterns of policy that dominated the post-war Britain, and which have left their imprint in the field of planning – the concept of welfare state manifested in the redistributive policies and decentralist land use strategies particularly characteristic of the period between the 1940s and 1970s; the significant neo-liberal shift in the 1980s characterised by interventionist practices – market-driven, ad hoc, piecemeal and responsive to particular pressures, with certain limitations on local government practice in terms of strategic role and oversight on town and environmental planning (Cherry, 1988, p.1

Integrated Marketing Communications Plan for Virgin Atlantic Essay

Integrated Marketing Communications Plan for Virgin Atlantic - Essay Example The type of customers Virgin Atlantic Airways caters to vary across different status, genders and age. Most of its travelers are business and leisure travelers. Children above 5 years old are allowed to travel on the airline. For those kids who are younger than 5 years, should be accompanied by their guardians or parents. The company also has the policy of accepting trained pets on their flights provided that they are there to carter after a disabled person, for instance a blind person. The airlines are home to passengers who could include friend circles, family troupes and business travelers. Virgin Atlantic Airways attaches a great deal of importance to technology. Technology re-vitalizes and also builds up the expectations of the passengers. Once you are in the air-line business you just cannot undermine the importance of technology in running the air-craft. Virgin Atlantic understands how important it is for its technology to be up-to date and how cortically dangerous it can be i f the fleet is run without a check on latest technology. They have their own set of air-craft engineers who continue to work and improve the airlines at the technical level. Similarly, the airline has also incorporated and put technology to efficient use to entertain passengers during their flight. Technology has been used to come up with more innovative and novel ways for keeping the passengers busy and entertained during the flight. These included various incentives such as video entertainment, Sony watchman, ensuring that there is an individual video screen for every seat. The company’s entertainment was offering at least 20 audio channels and 16 video channels to its passengers. These ideas were implemented as a part of company’s plan to ensure that its passengers feel that they are being returned the right value for the money that they invest in Virgin Atlantic’s airways ticket. Political-Legal: The Heathrow Airport was opened to Virgin in the year 1991 by the UK government. This was when it removed the London Air Traffic Distribution Rules owing to pressure from within the industry. The London Air Traffic Distributions had taken form and effect in the year 1978. They had been implemented to ensure that the traffic between UK’s two main airports Heathrow and Gatwick was fairly distributed so that even Gatwick can make profit. Under the rules, it was stipulated that those airlines which did have an international scheduled service before 1st April 1977 would not be allowed to conduct their operations from Heathrow but would have to use Gatwick. On the international front, the rising trend in travel has been keenly observed by many. As developing countries continue to grow, their citizens have become more and more open to travel. A major trigger in encouraging air travel has been the industry’s privatization and de-regulation. Before the 1980s, most of the airlines especially in countries like US were state-owned.

Internal Analysis of Sab Miller Company Research Paper

Internal Analysis of Sab Miller Company - Research Paper Example The corporate governance is maintained at high standards by the committed directors which they believe to be the base for carrying out their responsibilities effectively. They aim for providing the right leadership and control over the environment to produce the value and even sustain the delivery of value to the entire shareholder of the company. (Ahmed, 2008, pp. 23-25)The corporate governance structure of the company comprises of 15 boards of directors amongst which five are non-executive non-independent directors and six are independent non-executive directors, and two are executive directors Mr.Clark the chief executive and Mr.Wilson the chief financial officer of the company. The chairman of the company is Mr.Manser. The structure of the corporate governance comprises of non-executive chairman, managing director, and some committees like audit, nomination, remuneration, corporate accountability and risk assurance, accountability committee, and the business units. The operations of the board are to set strategic objectives of the group, to determine different investment policies, sets upon performance criteria, and forwards the planning and implementation of those goals along with various policies including the various risk parameters. There are specific matters reserved by the board such as approval of the financial statements, the business strategy being adopted by the group, the plan for the annual capital expenditure, major capital projects, managing the various changes in the group’s management and control structure, various risk management strategy, material investments and disposals, implementing various sustainability and environmental policies, and other treasury policies. The board clearly governs through the elected board committees and monitoring the system. The board applies integrity, accountability, and principles of good governance through all the activities it performs and each of its directors bring independence and ju dgment to the role. By such defined structure, each member of the board are well aware of their responsibilities towards the company’s stakeholders and the board keeps a regular review on the performance and the core governance principles. The executive directors are responsible for proposing various and implementing operational decisions. The non-executive directors contribute to the formulation of strategy, decision making, and forming policies with the help of their knowledge. The audit committee’s responsibilities being to review and challenge the financial statement before final submission to the board, review and examine well the risk management system and internal control environment systems within the group and then carrying out analysis of the group’s overview, to recommend to the board regarding the appointment and removal of external auditors, to check the effectiveness of the internal audit process through focus on charter, staffing, annual work plan s, organizational and reporting structure (SabMiller, 2013).

Monetary Macroeconomics and Policy assignment Essay

Monetary Macroeconomics and Policy assignment - Essay Example (b) A scenario where the households become more optimistic can be classified under the demand shock. As households become optimistic in the future, they will tend to consume less (reduced demand), with the hope that maybe they are going to consume more in the future at relatively lower costs. As a result, producers will lower their level of production a little bit and also lower their prices as well. The effect of reduced prices of commodities is reduced level of inflation in the long run, in the economy. (C) The case of favorable weather would be classified under the supply shock. Favorable weather may mean vast surplus of wheat and corn than the normal expected supply. A favorable weather may imply increases level of supply (output) and hence reduced prices of commodities. Continued reduction on the prices of commodities will lower the level of inflation in the long run (d) The situation under which the steel workers go on strike for four weeks may be classified under the demand shock. The fact that the steel workers goes on strike means that they are no longer producing steel and the supply (output) of steel goes down immediately (short-run). Due to scarcity of steel, the price of steel goes high and if the prices remain high, there will be inflation in the long-run. This is shown in the graph below. If we examine the case of the aggregate supply curve, we realize that it examines how different quantities of goods and services relate with the price level in the economy. The aggregate supply curve is upward sloping. However, the curve will tend to be vertical, or will become vertical in the long run. The supply will be affected by factors such as technology and overall improvements that affects productivity in the short-run and in the long-run. Factors such as increased efficiency and offering of public goods at relatively lower prices will shift the AS curve to the right. In the case where the public expects the level of interest

Earth science Essay Example for Free

Earth science Essay Speculations of the actual rate of global warming had been contradictory to the least. In fact, there have been arguments that the year 1998 and not 2005 is the warmest year recorded. However, based on the global climate simulation models, warming considerably larger in the Western Equatorial Pacific than in the East Equatorial Pacific. The authors also suggested that the increased East-West temperature gradient may have also increased the likelihood of El Nino such as those in 1983 and 1998. Global temperature is a gauge used for measuring and summarizing the state of global climate. Although the effects on climate are normally felt locally, its distribution nonetheless is congruent with that of the climate models. According to the Goddard Institute for Space Studies Analysis, the estimated uncertainty of global mean temperature implies that we can only state that 2005 was probably the warmest year. This conclusion was based on satellite measurements of sea surface temperature since 1982, a ship-based analysis for earlier years and documented procedures for data over land. Also, this analysis has a 95 percent confidence. As mentioned earlier, 2005 is noted for its warmth and this is not due to the contribution of the El Nino phenomenon contrary to the one recorded in 1998 wherein 0. 2Â ° C was lifted from the trend line and considered to be the strongest in the century. Hence, global warming is tallied to be at 0. 6Â ° C in the past decades and 0. 8Â °C higher than in the past century. Contrary to what was speculated before, it is now incorrect to say that most global warming occurred before the 1940s. This may be attributed to the large fluctuations and yet slow warming over the century until 1975 which was then followed by a rapid warming, noted at 0. Â °C per decade. Hence, global warming is not just a concocted artefact due to the measurements in urban areas and used to scare people into being earth friendly but a real climate change. It is confirmed by surface temperature change inferred from borehole temperature profiles at remote locations, the rate of alpine glaciers around the world and progressively earlier breakup of ice on rivers and lakes. (10). Moreover, the fact that there is indeed a geographical distribution of warming gives proof that there is a real climate change. The largest warming recorded occurred not in urban areas but in remote regions including high latitudes. Furthermore, warming has also been documented in ocean areas, which are considerably far from the direct effects of humans. On the other hand, calculations made through the first global climate model, presented in the congressional testimony in 1988 was allegedly 300 percent wrong. However, further analysis indicated that the first transient climate simulations proved to be quite accurate and certainly not wrong by 300 percent.

Corporate Culture of Toyota

Corporate Culture of Toyota Toyota is one of the worlds biggest automobile producers; trade over 9 million models in 2006 on all over the world. Top 10 wealth Global 500 project, Toyota grades among the worlds leading worldwide corporations and is superior to be the most well-liked automaker. A success of the company is to that they the commitment to customer happiness. Toyota has been created by a set of values and principles that have their line in the companys formative years in Japan. Toyota gives the new thought of cars is about dreams, feeling and motivation. They are a single ability for Toyota to say where the aim is heading, and to prove its customers what they map in the mind as well as in future, but the fact is that Toyota engineer theres a lot more too automotive design than dreaming up what you want your car to look like on the outside. Designers have to work closely with engineers, production plants, and marketing specialists to create a car that is not only beautiful, but that will sell and is practical to own. Toyota company changes their model in every 3rd year, whereas other companies changes their models in every 5th year. History: According to the internet website Sakichi Toyoda, a productive creator, formed the Toyoda Automatic Loom Company founded on his innovative designs, one of which was approved to a British concern for 1 million yen; this money was utilized to help found Toyota Motor Company, which was maintained by the Japanese government partly because of the military purposes. The Japanese relied on overseas trucks in the war in Manchuria, but with the hopelessness, money was limited. Domestic invention would decrease costs, offer jobs, and create the country more self-governing. By 1936, just after the first victorious Toyoda vehicles were manufactured, Japan demanded that any automakers selling in the country needed to have a majority of stockholders from Japan, along with all officers, and stopped nearly all imports. (Article by Konrad Schreier) Toyodas car operations were placed in the hands of Kiichiro Toyoda, Sakichi Toyodas son; they started experimenting with two cylinder engines at first, but ended up copying the Chevrolet 65-horsepower straight-six, using the same chassis and gearbox with styling copied from the Chrysler Airflow. The first engine was produced in 1934 (the Type A), the first car and truck in 1935 (the Model A1 and G1, respectively), and its second car design in 1936 (the model AA). In 1937, Toyota Motor Company was split off. From 1936 to 1943, only 1,7,57 cars were made 1,404 sedans and 353 phaetons (model AB), but Toyoda found more success building trucks and busses. (Some of these early details are from http://www.geocities.com/toyotageek/) The Toyota KB, a 44 produced starting in 1941, was a two-ton truck similar to the prewar KC; it had a loading capacity of 1.5 tons and could run up to about 43 mph. The GB was based on the peacetime, 1.5 ton G1 truck, which in turn was based on the Model A1 cars. (From global spec). The first Toyoda truck was roughly a one-ton to one and a half-ton design, conventional in nature, using (after 1936) an overhead valve six-cylinder engine that appears to have been a clone of the Chevrolet engine of the time: indeed, a large number of parts were interchangeable, and Toyoda trucks captured in the war were serviced by the Allies with Chevrolet components. There was also a forty-horsepower four cylinder model, very similar to the six cylinders in design but rather underpowered for a truck with a full ton of capacity. Corporate culture: Corporate culture is a culture in which a term used to describe the joint principles, appeal systems, and process that offer a company with its own limited flavour and way. Businesses of all sizes posses some type of corporate culture, in that every company has a set of principles and goals that help to define what the business is all about. Here are some examples of rudiments that go into creating and defining a corporate culture. At the establishment of several company cultures are the values that preside over the function of the trade. These principles are typically expressed in terms of the policies and measures that describe how the company will function. This will take in how altered departments or functions recount to one another in the manufacture process, the queue of communication well-known among management and departmental workforce, and rules leading satisfactory behaviour of each one who is part of the company. This essential managerial society makes it probable to build up other layers of business culture based on these foundational factors. Toyotas Corporate Culture: The basic reason for Toyotas victory in the worldwide marketplace lies in its corporate attitude the set of rules and manners that run the use of its possessions. Toyota have profitably penetrated international markets and recognized a world-wide occurrence by good worth of its efficiency. The companys approach to both product development and distribution is very consumer-friendly and market-driven. Toyotas philosophy of empowering its workers is the attraction of a human resources management system that promotes creativity, continuous improvement, and innovation by encouraging employee participation and that likewise creates high levels of employee loyalty. Knowing that a workplace with high spirits and job satisfaction is more likely to produce reliable, high-quality products at affordable prices, Toyota have institutionalized many successful workforce practices. Toyota has done so not only in its own plants but also in supplier plants those were experiencing problems. While a lot of car manufacturer have earned a reputation for building high-class cars, they have been not capable to conquer Toyotas reward in human resource management, dealer networks and sharing systems in the highly reasonable car market. Much of Toyotas success in the globe markets is certified in a straight line to the synergistic recital of its policies in human resources management and supply-chain networks. Managing people: Toyota has taken various steps to build high performance teams: Stage 1: Orientation. The group needs strong way from the manager and must recognize the essential task, policy of commitment, and tools the members will use. Stage 2: Dissatisfaction. After leaving to job, the members find out it is harder than they thinking to work as a group. In this phase, they go on with to need strong path (structure) from the boss but also need a lot of communal maintain to get through the tough social dynamics they do not recognize. Stage 3: Integration. The collected group starts to build up a clearer image of the roles of various side members and begins to bring to tolerate manage over group processes. The head does not have to give much duty direction, but the group still wants a lot of public sustain. Stage 4: Production. The group become a high-performing team by their own and no longer they dependent on the leader. In a meeting, people do the similar mindless task frequently and are accountable only for a minute piece of overall manufactured goods. Toyota has attempted to augment jobs in a variety of ways. Some of the quality that make the job more inspiring take in job revolution, a variety of kinds of feedback on how workers are undertaking at their jobs, the andon system and important work group independence over the tasks. Toyota became involved in job enhancement in the 1990s and redesigned its congregation appearance so that the parts that make up a subsystem of the motor vehicle are installed in one particular area on the assembly line. Rather than a work group assembling electrical systems and then putting in floor mats and then door handles, a work group strength focus almost wholly on the electrical system under the cover. For white collar employees, Toyota organizes teams approximately complete projects from start to come to an end. For example, the plan of the interior of the car is the blame of one team from the plan stage from side to side production. Participation in the project from start to end enriches and empowers the member of staff. People are encouraged by demanding but achievable goals and measurement of advancement toward those goals. Toyotas visual management systems plus policy consumption means that teams always know how they are doing and are always functioning towards stretch development targets. Policy deployment sets demanding, stretch goals from the top to the bottom of the company. Careful capacity every day let work teams know how they are performing. A learning organization: According to internet when processes are steady, squander and inefficiencies become openly able to be seen, there is a chance to learn continually from improvement. To be a learning group, it is essential to have constancy of personnel, slow encouragement, and very suspicious succession systems to defend the managerial information base. To learn means having the ability to construct on the history and move forward incrementally, rather than starting over and reinventing the wheel with new personnel with each new task. The Toyota philosophy emphasises that accurate problem solving requires identifying the root grounds which often lies hidden away from the source. The answer lies in digging deeper by asking why the trouble occurred. The hardest part to find out is grasping the condition thoroughly before taking place with five-why analysis. Grasping the situation starts with observing the condition with an open mind and comparing the genuine situation to the measure. To clarify the problem, one must begin by going to where the problem is (genchi genbutsu). For Toyota, trouble solving is 20% tools and 80% judgment. For most other companies, it seems to be 80% tools and 20% thinking. A key to learning and increasing, not only within Toyota but in Japanese civilization, is Hansei, which generally means reflection. Hansei means reflection on the development of developing the vehicle. Hansei is the check stage of PDCA. It is used most often at the end of a vehicle program, but is being now moved addition al upstream so there are quite a lot of Hansei events at key junctures in the program. Conclusion: Becoming a lean enterprise involves a lot of hard work. The company should follow the recommend the following steps: Start with achievement in the technological system; follow quickly with cultural change. The social and technical systems of TPS are intertwined. If a company wants to change the culture, it must also develop true lean leaders who can reinforce and lead that cultural change. The best way a company can develop this is through action to improve the companys core value streams, supported by committed leaders who reinforce culture change. Start with value stream pilots to demonstrate lean as a system and provide a go see model. Within a value stream that defined by a product family. The model line should become a singularly focused project with a great deal of management attention and resources to make it a success. Use value stream mapping to develop future state visions and help learn to see. The team members learn together as they see the waste in the current state, and in the future state they come together to figure out how to apply the lean tools and philosophy. Value stream mappin g should be applied only to specific product families that will be immediately transformed. Use kaizen workshops to teach and make rapid changes. Using a talented and experienced facilitator who has a deep understanding of lean tools and philosophy with a specific problem to tackle makes all the difference in what can be accomplished. However, the kaizen workshop should not become an end in itself. Kaizen workshops are best used as one tool to implement specific improvements guided by a future state value stream map. Organize around value streams. In most organizations, management is organized by process or function. In a factory, there may be the paint department, the assembly department, and the maintenance department. Value stream managers have complete responsibility for the value stream and can answer the customer. Someone with real leadership skills and a deep understanding of the product and process must be responsible for the process of creating value for customers and must be accountable to the customer. Make it mandatory. If a company looks at lean transformation as a nice thing to do in any spare time or as voluntary, it will simply not happen.

The Restorative Justice Aims And Consequences Criminology Essay

The Restorative Justice Aims And Consequences Criminology Essay The rationale behind this assignment is to highlight restorative justice and the aspects of it, in terms of how it differs from the traditional legal justice system. This will include a critical analysis of restorative justice while evaluating its strengths and weaknesses as a different approach to crime control. I will identify underlying theory, legislation and policy that brought restorative justice to the forefront of opinion, and specifically relate it to the Northern Ireland criminal justice system. The aim is to identify if it is a meaningful system to all parties involved and why/if it is necessary in the present criminal justice system. Introduction In an age of hoodie culture and prison overcrowding, questions are being asked over the efficacy of the criminal justice system and how much of a deterrent from crime it really is. Following a long period of differing regimes, such as retribution, rehabilitation and restructure, all competing to be the dominant influence in the criminal justice system, there has emerged a new approach to crime control, that of restorative justice (Hughes, 2001, p247). The aim of this approach is to provide an opportunity for the rehabilitation of the offender, as well as punishment of the criminal behaviour, with a central role in regards to the rights of, and provision of justice for the victim (Hughes, 2001, p248). The commonly accepted definition of restorative justice is; Restorative justice is a process whereby parties with a stake in a specific offence collectively resolve how to deal with the aftermath of the offence and its implications for the future (Marshall, 1999, p5). According to Hughes (2001) Restorative justice aims to bring the process of criminality back into the community, enabling all parties affected by criminal behaviour to be involved in working towards resolution and future planning (Hughes, 2001, p248). This is a new concept, as traditionally criminal justice was retributive and aimed only to address the offence by punishing the offender. In recent years, restorative justice has been a process that has been adopted by an international audience, particularly the USA, Australia and New Zealand, each employing it to address some of the traditional concerns of the formal justice system (OMahony and Doak, 2004, p484) i.e. the effectiveness of prison acting as a deterrent for crime, or victims lack of inclusion in the criminal justice process. The new restorative justice system aims to move away from the traditional notions of retribution into a new context of restoration. Most international practices are supported by Braithwaites (1989) theory of reintegrative shaming, which exerts the idea that the offender should be encouraged to experience shame for their actions and work towards absolution (OMahony and Doak, 2004, p484). The process attempts to repair the relationship between the victim and the offender and begin a healing process designed to meet the needs of the victims, whilst also reintegrating the offender into so ciety (OMahony and Doak, 2004, p484). Braithwaites theory is based on the proposal that the process of restorative justice will address the needs of the victim materially, emotionally and psychologically, whilst also helping them emerge from the process with more respect for the system (OMahony and Doak, 2004, p484). Another theory of restorative justice was first introduced by the New Zealand Maori and their principles of collective responsibility, where restorative justice seeks to decentre the states status as the responsibility of dealing with crime (Tauri and Morris, 2003, p44). Instead, operating by drawing together all those involved in an offence to an environment, promoting equal power relations, while discussing the harm caused, and jointly agreeing on how reformation can be made (Tauri and Morris, 2003, p44). A central component to restorative justice is that the community is seen to be a key stakeholder in the offence (Zehr and Mika, 2003, p41). This can take a variety of forms, from the vicinity in which the offender and victim live, or their wider social networks of family, friends and colleagues (Zehr and Mika, 2003, p41). This allows for comprehensive information sharing beyond that of only the offender and victim, so that the scale of the harm caused by the offender can be explor ed. This is the main difference between the formal justice system and that of restorative justice, where all parties can contribute information of the offence and the harm caused, while also having an involvement into meaningful reparation. Restorative Justice in practice Restorative justice in practice is a relatively new concept in the UK, having elements such as reparation orders in the Crime and Disorder Act (1998), and referral orders in the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act (1999) (Crawford and Newburn, 2002, pp476-478). Within Northern Ireland it was the Criminal Justice Review (CJR) (2000) which provided recommendations to involve victims in the criminal justice process and develop restorative justice approaches for juvenile offenders. The review concluded that restorative practices for adult offenders and young adult offenders (aged 18-21) be piloted and evaluated before whole schemes are introduced (Criminal Justice Review, 2000, p203). Since then, within the UK and indeed internationally, there are the three common practices of restorative justice used within the criminal justice system, these are; 1) Victim-Offender Mediation (VOM) a face-to-face meeting with a trained mediator, the offender and the victim to discuss the offence and reparation. VOM is predominantly offered to incarcerated offenders. 2) Family Group Conferencing (FGC) in Youth Justice is open to a wider number of participants including the offender, victim, victims family and professionals who are linked to either party, where the aim is to resolve conflict or behaviour, and discuss reparation. Specifically used within youth justice as an alternative to formal prosecution, encouraging offenders to achieve empathy towards their victim, while also assuming responsibility for their behaviour. 3) Restorative/Community Conferencing Open to a wider circle of participants including the offender, victim, both families and members of the community who di scuss the offence and how to repair the harm caused. Conferences hold the offender accountable, but also offer reintegration into the community. (Extracted from www.restorativejustice.org.uk) FGC in youth justice is seen as one of the most successful models of restorative justice, widely used internationally in New Zealand, Australia and parts of the USA, and gaining momentum in the UK (OMahony and Doak, 2004, p485). FGC aims to be an alternative to formal prosecution, providing the offender, victim and families with an opportunity to understand the offence and the implications of it. The main aim of FGC as a form of restorative justice seems to exist to prevent younger people becoming implicated in the adult criminal justice system, having countless disadvantages for their future. FGC specifically seems to be effective as it uses a holistic understanding of the offence. It incorporates collaboration between the offender, victim and community i.e. friends and family, to find suitable resolution to the offence. This perhaps creates a more person centred justice system realising each persons needs are different but equally important. A reflection of this on a wider scale is that should the reparation fit the people rather than the crime? Restorative justice practice shows that it is necessary to meet all parties needs, and not just the offenders. This relates to changes in policy which recognises the victim as a central aspect of the criminal justice process. In other areas of the criminal justice system, such as with adult offenders and serious crimes, restorative justice only operates within the already established systems of punishment. Restorative justice is not used to substitute traditional measures, i.e. retribution, but to work alongside them. Restorative justice for serious crimes is not used unaccompanied without formal justice, as legislation and policy do not currently permit it. Marshall (1999, p7) claims restorative justice should be used with serious offences as there is more to gain in regards to victim benefits, and also crime prevention. However, it remains to be seen if this could be functional as the only form of justice, and without punitive measures would the behaviour be negatively reinforced? Within Northern Ireland restorative justice is a relatively new concept which has been introduced under different circumstances and will be discussed below. Restorative Justice in Northern Ireland As mentioned earlier restorative justice in Northern Ireland was a result of the recommendations made from the Criminal Justice Review (2000), and the Justice (NI) Act (2002); each identifying that the victim should be central in the criminal justice process. This became the state led restorative justice approach, but a community based restorative programme was unique to Northern Ireland and the Troubles at that time. Restorative justice and theory became prominent during the Northern Ireland peace process as an alternative to paramilitary violence (McEvoy and Mika, 2002, p2). First introduced from the Good Friday Agreement (1999), community projects were established, in part, to remove paramilitary policing, while reflecting the desire for community-based justice (Gormally, 2006). Projects were established in both communities Northern Ireland Alternatives on the Loyalist side and Community Restorative Justice Ireland on the Republican side (Gormally, 2006). Both projects now operat e successfully throughout Northern Ireland, each having numerous locations. The main agenda for the projects are to provide victim-offender mediation and reparation of the communities, with the community playing a significant role in each. It is also indicated that beyond the non-violent alternatives to paramilitaries, the projects now extend into broader mediation and conflict work (McEvoy and Mika, 2002, p7). Critics of the community-based projects claim that paramilitary violence still occurs, only under the respectable cover of these schemes (www.mediationnorthernIreland.org) leading to questions being asked about its legitimacy. However, evaluation of the projects show punishment violence related to crime and anti-social behaviour has decreased dramatically within each community (McEvoy and Mika, 2002, p8). As well as the strengths of restorative justice and the benefits it provides it is also necessary to discuss possible draw-backs in order to be fully aware of the system. This will be discussed below. Critical Analysis of Restorative Justice Restorative justice, as mentioned earlier, has a strong theoretical basis and practical application. However, as it is a relatively new concept it is imperative to discuss potential shortcomings as well as benefits in relation to retributive forms of justice. The four main criticisms that will be discussed below will relate to the offender, community, victim and retribution in relation to restorative justice. Offender: The principles of restorative justice are about redefining crime as harm and giving stakeholders a share of power (Marshall, 1999, p6). The benefits of this are well documented in practice, especially within youth justice, with the young offender more likely to complete reparation plans if they themselves have helped construct them. However, it remains to be seen if this practice is completely ethical. When facing a victim, in a room full of strangers and perhaps their own parents, a young person is likely to comply to any measures, without dispute, in order to hasten proceedings (Daly, 2002). The victim may also be revengeful or unforgiving and want a harsher punishment with pressure on the young person to agree, creating a power imbalance similar to punitive measures. The young person may then regret volunteering for the restorative process, aiding the break down of restorative plans, making the process ineffective and meaningless. Community: Possibly one of the biggest critiques of restorative justice is its reliance on community relationships, with the community playing a large role in the reintegration of the offender back into society. Marshall (1999) claims that communities are not as integrated as they once were, with many individuals wanting greater privacy and self-sufficiency. Leading to questions; who are the community and how can they play a significant role in the rehabilitation of the offender? According to Zehr and Mika (2003) the community can take a variety of forms, for example, the neighbourhood where the offender and victim live, or their closer social networks of family, friends and colleagues. Braithwaites (1989) theory of reintegrative shaming claims that strong relationships within the community helps limit wrong-doing because of conscience and anxiety. For those offenders that commit crime shaming then is an integral part, not only for reintegration, but for crime prevention. Restorative justice th en needs community and family relationships to be effective, if the offender does not take responsibility for their crime or feel shame, then they cannot be rehabilitated correctly or reintegrated into society. Does restorative justice then have its downfall if there is no bond to society? Victim: Another criticism of restorative justice is that it is open to offender manipulation and other symbolic implications. Is it seen as an easy option? Perhaps it is all too easy for an offender to say sorry and ask for forgiveness, without actually being punished appropriately for their actions. Daly and Stubbs (2006) claim that without treating offences seriously, the wrong message can be conveyed to the offender e.g. that their behaviour is acceptable, and therefore reinforced, leading the victim to feel injustice and therefore re-victimised. This is one of the major downfalls when it comes to adult restorative justice; if it was the only form of justice it is open to manipulation and coercion of the offender. Retribution vs. Restoration: The main question that needs to be addressed is can restorative justice exist without retribution and the formal justice system? In regards to juvenile court it is possible to exist alone, if the offence is minor. But for adult offenders, with major offences, the process is not so simple. According to Meads psychology of punitive justice (cited in Daly, 2002, p59) there are two contrasting methods responding to crime. 1) The attitude and hostility toward the law breaker, which brings attitudes of retribution, repression, and exclusion which identifies the offender as the enemy, and 2) Outlined in youth justice, is the reconstructive attitude, which tries to understand the causes of social and individual breakdown not to place punishment, but to obtain future results. It is a contrasting method which identifies differing views, which is fundamentally what restorative and retributive justice represent. The question that needs to be addressed is can restorative justice exist alone as a justice system for all crimes? According to Morris (2002, p601) it shouldnt have to meet the standards of conventional criminal justice, but just consider what it has already achieved, and what it can still achieve. It is now accepted that restorative justice should be used to integrate with traditional forms of justice, to provide an effective service to all those involved to offer a whole justice (Marshall, 1999, p8). Marshall (1999, p8) claims both forms of justice should now support each other to become a single system in which the community and formal resources can work in partnership. Nevertheless, without current legislation or policy that governs restorative justice practice, this leaves the projects that do exist in Northern Ireland, and the rest of the UK, operating in an informal basis with a lack of safeguards, resources and support to gain proper momentum. The criticisms of restorative justice practice are negative, but research nationally and internationally can show us just how successful it can be, with victims and offenders experiencing greater satisfaction with the processes and outcomes of restorative justice compared with attending court (Ashworth, 2003, p175 and Daly, 2002, p208). Properly done, restorative justice can have many benefits to not only the offender, but to the victim and community as well, providing a balance that is surely the way forward for the criminal justice system. Conclusion The question for this assignment was restorative justice aims to address the consequences of offending for victims, offenders and communities in a meaningful way? Evidence shows that restorative justice works within the youth justice system, but due to restraints on policy and legislation it is limited in the adult justice service. When restorative justice is implemented properly, it is effective at meeting the needs of offenders and victims, but to decide if this is meaningful is based on an individual experience, which I do not possess. On the theory of restoration vs. retribution to combine them, rather than separate them provides all stakeholders with a whole justice, capable of meeting physical, emotional and social needs, while also considering all parties as equal. There are many criticisms of restorative justice, but evidence shows that it is effective and provides reformation far beyond that of retribution. It provides explanation of behaviour, which in itself is meaningful, and is more than traditional methods provide. Restorative justice is an internationally respected system, and identified as a person centred form of justice, representing all parties equally, while balancing reformation with understanding.

G Proteins :: Biology Essays Research Papers

G Proteins Proteins play various important roles in inter-neuronal communication. Receptor sites are made up of proteins and the ion channels in the cell membranes are proteins. The link between the receptor sites and the protein channels sometimes is the guanine nucleotide-binding protein, better known as G Protein. (1) The basic structure and function of these shall be explored in the following. In order for neuron communication to occur, the post-synaptic neuron must have receptor sites for the neurotransmitters released by the pre-synaptic neuron. Also, these neurotransmitters, by binding on to the receptors, must bring about a change in the post-synaptic neuron, namely an EPSP (excitatory post-synaptic potential) or an IPSP (inhibitory post-synaptic potential), which may or may not lead to an action potential triggering in the post-synaptic neuron. EPSPs and IPSPs are produced in the post-synaptic neuron due to variations in either the Na+ or Cl- concentrations within the neuron. A change in concentration occurs when the protein channels which gate ion flow, permit Na+ or CL- to migrate across the cell membrane. The question now is, what causes the protein channels to open to Na+ or Cl-. In essence, there are three manners in which the ion flow can come about. The simplest way in which neurotransmitter-receptor binding can cause the opening of the protein channels is when the receptor is located immediately on top of the protein channel. Once a neurotransmitter binds on to the receptor, it causes the protein channel to permit ion flow. Receptors can also be acting on protein channels in more indirect fashion, via a second messenger system. A second messenger system is characterized by a G Protein's inclusion in the transduction of "signals from the transmembrane receptors to intracellular effectors." (1) That means, the binding of a neurotransmitter to a receptor activates a G Protein, which causes the protein channels gating ion flow to open. For this, two general mechanisms exist. Before they can be explained, however, the structure and dynamics of the G Protein must be considered. G Proteins are heterotrimic substances, i.e. they are composed of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha subunit of a G Protein is looked upon as the active subunit, as it binds GDP (guanine diphosphate) when it is inactive, but exchanges GDP for GTP (guanine triphosphat) when active (2) and acts as the "messenger" between the receptor sites and the effector. The beta and gamma subunits aid the alpha subunit to bind to membranes.

The Gates Essay examples -- essays research papers

The long awaited project phenomenon that is due to make art history, The Gates, by Christo and Jeanne-Claude. Given permission by Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg on January 22, 2003, the project is set to be mounted in Central Park in New York City February 12th of this year. The planned project is to resemble a golden river. Thus consisted to 7500 gates in total standing 16 feet (4.87 meters) high with a width changing from 5' 6" to 18 feet (1,67 m to 5,48 meters) going along the edges of the Central Park pathways. Saffron colored fabric panels suspended from the horizontal top part of the gates will come down to approximately 7 feet ( 2,13 meters) above the ground. Each gate will be spaced at 12 foot (3,65 meter) from each other, but might vary where trees expand above the walkways allowing the synthetic woven panels to wave towards the next gate and be seen from far away through the leafless branches of the trees. The construction itself is a big development in itself. There are to be hundreds of residents to help in the project for temporary employment doing the following things: Manufacturing and assembling of the gates structures, Installation workers, Maintenance teams around the clock, in uniform and with radios, Removal workers. The work is consisted of a lot of materials that, in the end, will be recycled at an assembly plant in Queens,NY. The materials are as follows: †¢ 5,290 US Tons of steel (4,799 Metric Tons) (10,580,000 pounds) (equal to 2/3 the ste...

Lads & Lassies

Arthur Gharakhanian Lads & Lassies (LL) ACCU-620 Brandman University Week 4, Assignment 2 November 14th, 2012 Lads & Lassies Introduction Classifying how the income statement needs to be coded for Lads & Lassies is a two step processes. I will be using the data provided in the case along with information from FASB's Accounting Standards Codification. FASB's coding system is being used to help prepare the layout and ensure proper reporting of the items listed in the case analysis. Some minor changes need to be done to the income statement format to make it presentable which will be noted in the analysis.Please reference Appendix A throughout the analysis to see how the income statement is ultimately being constructed. Analysis – 2005 When constructing the 2005 income statement for Lads & Lassies, I will be using a multi step income statement as this is the format that â€Å"includes other important revenue and expense classifications makes the income statement more useful† (Kieso, 2012). We have limited information to use for 2005, but we can still construct an income statement up to gross profit.We will adhere to FASB rule ASC 225-10-S99-2 (Regulation S-X Rule 5-03, Income Statements), which regulates the relevant items and their components which should be separately stated in the income statement and their arrangement for the presentation. This coding rule provides us the guidance on how to label and present the revenue generated by Lads & Lassies. Also included in this rule is the requirement on how to report costs and expenses associated with the applicable sales be reported separately on the income statement. Therefore we will breakout the expenses directly tied to sales on their own line item (Cost of Goods Sold).Lastly in 2005 we will calculate the gross profit, which â€Å"tells us how much money an entity would have earned if it Lads & Lassies didn’t pay any other expenses such as salary, income taxes, office supplies, utility, ren t, etc. † (Kieso, 2012). Analysis – 2006 The accounting reporting standards mentioned in the 2005 analysis still apply, however, there are additional standards that need to be applied in 2006. When constructing the income statement we will have to address the gain on sale of corporate headquarters and the class action settlement.In accordance with ASC 225-20-45-4(d), † the sale or abandonment of property used in the business is being excluded from being presented as an extra-ordinary item† (FASB, 1973). However, when the gain or loss of a building is associated with the movement of corporate headquarters, we would use ACS 225-20-45-16 (Presentation of Unusual or Infrequently Occurring Items). This rule states that â€Å"a material event or transaction that is unusual in nature or occurs infrequently but not both, shall be reported as a separate component of income from continuing operations† (FASB, 1973).Rules ASC 225-20-45-4 & ASC 225-20-45-16 also a ddress the presentation of the settlement received from the class action lawsuit. We must report the gain or loss from the class action lawsuit in other income (expense) section of the income statement. This section will follow the income and cost of goods sold sections, thereby â€Å"adding back† revenue to the gross profit to reveal a new gross profit. These transactions could be considered below the line entries and would follow indirect expenses (salaries, rent, etc. , but since those items are not present these entries will follow revenue and cost of goods sold. Conclusion Using FASB we are able to determine how to properly present Lads & Lassies income statements. The changes that accompany the growing company from 2005 to 2006 are easily Lads & Lassies recorded and presented in the income statements year over year. Being able to distinguish what is an unusual or infrequently occurring item is crucial in determining if it falls under operations or non-operating income ( loss).Although the income statement is not complete as we are missing information regarding expenses not directly tied to revenue, the income statements presented (Appendix A) are complete and prepared to code. References FASB ASC 225-20-45-2. [Predecessor literature: â€Å"Reporting the Results of Operations,† Opinions of the Accounting Principles Board No. 30 (New York: AICPA, 1973), par. 20. ] FASB ASC 225-20-45-4. [Predecessor literature: â€Å"Reporting the Results of Operations,† Opinions of the Accounting Principles Board No. 30 (New York: AICPA, 1973), par. 3, as amended by â€Å"Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets,† Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144 (Norwalk, Conn. : FASB, 2001). ] FASB ASC 225-20-45-16. [Predecessor literature: â€Å"Reporting the Results of Operations,† Opinions of the Accounting Principles Board No. 30 (New York: AICPA, 1973), par. 23, as amended by â€Å"Accounting for the Impairm ent or Disposal of Long-lived Assets,† Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144 (Norwalk, Conn. : FASB, 2001). ] Kieso, D. E. , Weygandt, J. J. , & Warfield, T.D. (2012). Intermediate accounting, 14th edition binder ready version. (14 ed. ). Wiley. Appendix A | | | Lads & Lassies Income Statement| Fiscal Year Ending on January 29, 2005| (Figures in Millions)| |   |   | Revenue|   |   | Clothing| $ 70. 60 |   | Sassy Spa| $ 3. 90 |   | Total Revenue|   | $ 74. 50 | |   |   | Less: Cost of goods sold|   | $ 46. 50 | |   |   | Gross Profit|   | $ 28. 00 | | | | | | | Lads & Lassies Income Statement| Fiscal Year Ending on January 28, 2006| (Figures in Millions)| |   |   | Revenue|   |   |Clothing| $ 71. 10 |   | Sassy Spa| $ 11. 20 |   | Transaction value| $ 4. 20 |   | Total Revenue|   | $ 86. 50 | |   |   | Less: Cost of Goods Sold: Clothing| $ 46. 50 |   | Cost of Goods Sold: Sassy Spa| $ 9. 60 |   | Total Cost of Goo ds Sold|   | $ 56. 10 | |   |   | Gross Profit|   | $ 30. 40 | |   |   | Non-Operating Income|   |   | Gain (Loss) on Sale of Building| $ 1. 70 |   | Income from Law-Suit Settlement| $ 2. 70 |   | Total Non-Operating Income|   | $ 4. 40 | |   |   | Net Income|   | $ 34. 80 |

Design of Industrial Robots

AbstractionToday, industrial golem is utilize in assorted intents much(prenominal) as welding, picture, choice and topographical range, proceeds review, and proving. Because of its frequent, industrial snake god has become evoke field, many companies, research centres and scientists sp devastation untold of m onenessy, clip to better features of industrial zombi spirit. supposititious answer for is a cardinal competency for twain(prenominal) robot makers, exploiters and scientists to better snake god customary presentation, safety and cauterize drop zombie spirit cost, power, clip.In this dissertation, brief kinematics, kineticss and control constitution are mentioned equations from these theories are utilize for R-R and R-R-R actor, so these consequences are compared with pretending consequences to verify seeming consequences. In add-on, a simple brisk supposed account is strengthened with 2 dynamixel servosystem motors the existent theory-based a ccount croupe make simple action such as turning send to indicate, following consecutive eminence.The posers of zombi slattern are per create by Recurdyn-Co merge and Recurdyn-Matlab/Simulink. Forward and extirpate kinematics are utilize to simulation snake god factor to execute progress charge way, the consequences from these simulations are utilise in kineticss subdivision. PD feed transport control besides is indicated, the control system based on independent vocalisation control, which frequently is cognise as single-input/ single-output system. These consequences from simulation are tantamount with theory. These consequences besides hand on the whole over a mass of effectual study for a batch of intents such as layout rating to deflect obstruction, optimisation flight way, kinematics, kineticss study.Keywords automaton operator, kinematics, kineticss, feedforward control.1 admissionMotivation and record of industrial automatonToday, we fire run into ind ustrial automaton in many mills in the universe of discourse. Applications of industrial automatons include welding, picture, choice and topographic hitch ( packing or SMT line ) , production review, and proving. Harmonizing to the International Federation of zombiics ( IFR ) , by the terminal of 2011, there were at least(prenominal) 1,153,000 operational industrial automatons. And IFR estimated the serviceman-wide gross revenues of industrial automatons roughly US $ 8.5 billion. If cost of package, peripherals and systems technology are included, the industrial automaton securities industry was estimated US $ 25.5 billion in 2011. Therefore, industrial automaton has been become an interesting field. along with development of industrial automaton, simulation and theoretical account of industrial automatons are of import. They merchant ship supply a batch of utile education for many intents such as layout rating, kinematic, dynamic survey, off-line computer programing to avoid obstruction in the undertaking innumerable and design mechanical construction of automatons.The history of industrial automaton has associated with the development of computer science elevator car aided design ( computer-aided design ) and computing machine aided prevarication ( CAM ) systems. In 1954, George Devol employ for the starting line robotics patents ( apt(p) in 1961 ) . In 1956, Devol and Joseph F. Engelberger formed the worlds foremost robot corporation was Unimation which was based on Devols accepted patents and Engelberger has been called as the male parent of robotics. Unimation has been make with hydraulic actuators and programmed in joint co-ordinates. The quartert over of each articulation was stored during a direction stage and replayed in operation.In the 70s the automaton industry increased really quickly because of the tremendous investings by the automotive industry. In Europe, ABB Robotics and KUKA Robotics brought automatons to the marke t in 1973. ABB Robotics introduced IRB 6, it was become the firstborn commercially operator which controlled all galvanising by micro-processor in the universe. The first some(prenominal) IRB 6 automatons were installed in production for crunching and smoothing yell decompression sicknesss in 1974. In 1973 KUKA Robotics built its first automaton, FAMULUS, besides one of the first articulated automatons engage driven half dozen electromechanically axes. In US, many US companies entered the field, including giant companies such as familiar galvanising, and General Motors ( a joint venture formed by General Motors and FANUC LTD of Japan called FANUC Robotics ) . early(a) companies besides started robotics concern such as Automatix and Adept Technology, Inc. In 1984, Unimation was acquired by Westinghouse Electric Corporation for 107 million U.S. dollars. After that Westinghouse change Unimation to Staubli Faverges SCA of France in 1988, which is still doing articulated auto matons for prevalent industrial and cleanroom applications and even bought the robotic division of Bosch in late 2004.Hardware and SoftwareDuring this thesis, three package ( RecurDyn, SolidWorks, Matlab ) have been used to work out this thesis assignment. Dynamixel servo motor besides was used for experimental intents.RecurDyn V8R2RecurDyn is developed by FunctionBay, Inc. which is a professional CAE company and provides MultiBody dynamics ( minimal brain damage ) . RecurADyn is a modern CAE package cortege which offers the alone combination of Multibody Dynamics, Finite element Analysis and Controls.Dynamic Rigid and bendable Body Analysis to the full compound additive and nonlinear Finite divisor Analysis supply item information of realistic theoretical accounts for design surveies and bettering mathematical product national presentation. By utilizing FE mesh, RecurDyn laughingstock imitate overall communicate every bit good as local anesthetic distortions, strains and emphasiss.RecurDyn CoLink, an incorporate signal flow lie control design official document. It provides off-line simulation of mechatronic systems, traveling far beyond the uncorrupted Co-Simulation attack. If a elaborate Recurdyn multi flexible complete structure dynamic works theoretical account is used, the user mountain cut down the designing of cringles during the practical restrainer parametric quantity optimisation procedure. In add-on, RecurDyn besides house buoy link with Matlab/Simulink which has a batch of hamper libraries, plan lingual communication tool around, etc. for dynamic system. perish but non least, RecurDyn has supported a batch of CAD package which are used as the Parasolid center plan.SolidWorksSolidWorks is really popular 3D mechanical computing machine aided design package which runs on Microsoft Windows. It is established by Dassault Systemes SolidWorks Corp. It used Parasolid Kernel attack to make theoretical accounts and assemblies. Presentl y, over 2 million applied scientists and inside decorator usage SolidWorks at more than 165000 companies in whole universe.MatlabMATLAB is a quantitative computer science environment and quartetth- times scheduling lingual communication including C, C++ , Java, and FORTRAN. complete and developed by MathWorks, MATLAB is good known for ground substance uses, plotting of maps and informations, creative activity of user interfaces, and interfacing with plans indite in other linguistic communications.In add-on, Simulink is an add-on merchandise with block libraries, informations flow graphical plan linguistic communication tool for mold, simulation, and analysing multi-domain dynamic and enter systems.DynamixelDYNAMIXEL is a consecutive high public presentation ne dickensrked actuators for automatons developed by ROBOTIS. DYNAMIXEL can be used for multi-joint robot systems such as robotic weaponries, robotic manus, bi-pedal automaton, hexapod automaton, snake automaton, kinemati c art, animatronics and mechanization, etc DYNAMIXEL can be controlled utilizing Personal computer through USB2Dynamixel by many package such as Matlab, python, Microsoft Visual Studio ( C++ , C ) , Visual Basic, Java, LabVIEW, occultation, ROS ( TTL/RS485/RS232 communicating ) . DYNAMIXEL besides can be controlled utilizing sole accountant such as CM-5 ( ATMega128 ) , CM-700 ( ATMega2561 ) , CM-510 ( ATMega2561 ) , CM-530 ( ARM Cortex M3 ) .Fig1. Dynamixel servo motorOutlinepartChapter 2. Background theory2.1 Positions, Orientations, and Frames2.1.1 PositionIn a co-ordinate system, any point can bum with a 31 place vector in the existence. The place of point P in co-ordinate system is ordered located of three Numberss.Fig2. Vector comparative degree to inch A 2.1.2 Orientation2.1.2 FramesIn robotics, the say of affairs of a place and an preference brace arises so frequently is called a ring, which is a set of four vectors including one vector distinguishs place and 3 vecto rs attract orientation.The base material body, B The base throw off has place at the base of the automaton operator. It is appended to a unmoving portion of the automaton and frequently called link 0.Fig3. The criterion writeThe station indite, S The station order has location in a task-relevant, in the visualize above, it is at the corner of a tabular array which the automaton is to work, and all motions of the operator are implemented comparative to it. Sometimes, it is besides called as the existence pitch, universe vomit or the undertaking piece.The wrist joint frame, W The carpus frame W is fastened to the last data link of the operator. W frequently has its beginning fixed at a point called the carpus of the operator, and W will travel with the last connectedness of the operator.The tool frame, T The tool frame T is appended to the terminal of any tool the automaton happens to be keeping. T is unremarkably located with its beginning between the fing ertips of the automaton when the manus is empty.The end frame, G The end frame has location to which the automaton is to travel the tool. At the terminal of the gesture, the tool frame should be brought to happenstance with the end frame.Chapter 3Operator KinematicssKinematicss is the scientific discipline of gesture including the place, the reanimate, the acceleration, and all higher order derived functions of the place variables. This chapter has 4th subdivisions the Denavit-Hartenberg ( D-H ) parametric quantities, the forward kinematics, the reversion kinematics, the Jacobian.3.1 Denavit-HartenbergAny robot operator can be described kinematically by the value of four measures for each linkup. Two describe the nexus itself, and two describe the links connexion to a adjacent nexus. The definition of mechanisms by 4th measures is a convention normally called the Denavit-Hartenberg notation.Fig4. Description of D-H parametric quantitiesaI= the distance from ZIto Zi+1measured al ong TenI= the burthen from ZIto Zi+1measured about TenIvitamin DI= the distance from Teni-1to XImeasured along ZI= the lean from Teni-1to XImeasured about ZI3.2 Forward KinematicssForward kinematics is used to calculate the place and orientation of the tool frame from joint parametric quantities.The displacement from frame one to adjoin i-1 ( 3.1 )The nexus faults is multiplied together to happen the several(prenominal) transmutation that relates frame N to border 0 ( 3.2 )3.2.1 R-R operator forward kinematicsLengths of two links are L1 and L2.Fig5. R-R nexus frame assignmentLinkIaIvitamin DII1000120Liter102Table1. D-H parametric quantities of R-R operatorComputational transmutation matrices of each nexus( 3.3 )( 3.4 )Therefore,( 3.5 )3.2.2 R-R-R operator forward kinematicsFig6. R-R-R operator parametric quantitiesI1002-9000304-900Table2. D-H parametric quantities of R-R operator variety hyaloplasm for each nexus( 3.6 )( 3.7 )( 3.8 )( 3.9 )( 3.10 )The transmutation matr ixis gained by matrix generation of the single nexus matrices. At first,is gained by multiplyingand=( 3.11 )=( 3.12 )Finally==( 3.13 )Here,( 3.14 )( 3.15 )( 3.16 )The matrixestablishes the kinematics of R-R-R automaton operator it expresses the birth between frame 4 and frame 0 about place and orientation.3.3 opposition KinematicssInverse kinematics is survey of happening the mandatory articulation angles to put the tool frame, T , comparative to the station frame, S . The vacate kinematics job is well harder than the forward kinematics job. contradictory forward kinematics which ever exist settlement, solution for reverse kinematics may non be. The being of a solution defines the workspace of a operator. If the exist solution, there can even be an unfathomable figure of solutions, for instant elbow up and elbow down solutions.3.3.1 use for R-RTransformation from frame 2 to border 0 is mentioned by forward kinematics.In frame 2 , the co-ordinate of point P is L20 0 1 . In the frame 0 , the co-ordinate of point P is ten Y0 1 . Therefore( 3.17 )( 3.18 )Square cell equations so add them( 3.19 )( 3.20 )( 3.21 )( 3.22 )Writingten, Yin the signifier( 3.23 )( 3.24 )Where( 3.25 )( 3.26 )If( 3.27 )And( 3.28 ) then(prenominal)( 3.29 )( 3.30 ) comparison ( 3.23 ) and ( 3.24 ) can be compose as( 3.31 )( 3.32 )So( 3.33 )( 3.34 )Therefore,( 3.35 )Finally, equation for?1( 3.36 )See equation ( 3.22 ) , minus or positive gestural corresponds positions of R-R operator. In this advance of affairs, elbow up and elbow down are mentioned.Fig7. Two positions of R-R operator3.3.1 Using for R-R-RFrom forward kinematics of R-R-R operatorSo,( 3.37 )From equation ( 3.6 ) , Inverting matrix( 3.38 )Substitute in ( 3.37 )( 3.39 )So,( 3.40 )See about trigonometric permutations( 3.41 )( 3.42 )Where( 3.43 )( 3.44 )Using ( 3.41 ) and ( 3.42 ) , equation ( 3.40 ) can be written as( 3.45 )( 3.46 )( 3.47 )So( 3.48 )( 3.49 )Finally, the solution for( 3.50 )See element s ( 1,4 ) and ( 3,4 ) of the matrix in the right-hand of equation ( 3.39 )( 3.51 )( 3.52 )Square both ( 3.51 ) and ( 3.52 ) so add the resulting equations( 3.53 )( 3.54 )Or( 3.55 )Where( 3.56 )Equation ( 3.55 ) is of the selfsame(prenominal) signifier as ( 3.40 ) so can be solved by the same method. Therefore, solution foris( 3.57 )So move up solution for, consider( 3.58 )( 3.59 )Comparing both the ( 1,4 ) and ( 2,4 ) elements of matrix in right-hand of ( 3.59 )( 3.60 )( 3.61 )These equations can be solved at the same time forand( 3.62 )( 3.63 )From equation ( 3.62 ) and ( 3.63 ) ,( 3.64 )Because, therefore the concluding solution foris( 3.65 )The subtraction or plus mark in ( 3.50 ) and ( 3.57 ) do four possible position of operator.Fig8. Fourth positions of R-R-R operator3.4 JacobiansRelationship between the joint hasten and the Cartesian speed is determined JacobianWhereVis a speed vector in Cartesian and ? is the vector of joint angles, J ( ? ) is Jacobian. The Jacobian has figure of rows is peers the figure of grade of freedom in the Cartesian infinite, and figure of columns is equal the figure of joint. For case, a general automaton with sextet articulations, The Jacobian is matrix of 66,is 61, and Cartesian speedVis 6x1with 31 additive speed vector and 31 rotational speed vector.Example for R-R operator theoretical accountThe Jacobian can be written a 22 matrix which relates joint speed to end-effector speed. The location of point P ( end-effector ) is (ten, Y) so, from equation ( 3.17 ) and ( 3.18 )( 3.66 )Derivative ( 3.66 )( 3.67 )Or( 3.68 )So, the Jacobian in frame 0 is( 3.69 ) other progress of Jacobian is invertible. From ( 3.70 ) , joint rate can be calculated with a trusted speed vector in Cartesian co-ordinate. Note that most operators will nurture values of ? where the Jacobian turns into singular.( 3.70 )Chapter 4 Manipulator DynamicsIn this chapter, equations of gesture for operator with torsions applied by actuators or external for ces applied to the operator are mentioned.Chpater 5 escape and ControlMentions 1 John J. Craig, 2005, Introduction to Robotics Mechanics and Control, 3rded. , Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Ahmed A. Shabana, 2005, Dynamics of Multibody Systems, 3rded. , Cambridge University Press. 3 Reza N. Jazar, 2010, Theory of Applied Robotics Kinematics, Dynamics, and Control, 2neodymiumed. , Springer. 4 RECURDYN, 2012, RecurDyn/ solver Theoretical Manual, 8Thursdayed. , FunctionBay, Inc. 5 Frank L.Lewis, Darren M.Dawson, Chaouki T.Abdallah, 2004, Robot Manipulator Control Theory and Practice, 2neodymiumed. , wave Dekker, Inc. 6 Wikipedia

Personal Ethics Essay

When faced with a decision which requires an ethical frame regulate, my usual manikin of decision fashioning follows a model of reflection and introspection. The introspective element is twain(prenominal) cerebral, that is found in a thinking(prenominal) analysis of the issue or depend at hand, and also intuitive, of which is to some class an assessment of the moulded up comp atomic number 53nts of the decision at hand.However, intuitive introspection, at to the lowest degree in my opinion, transcends the boundaries of quick of scentity as we understand it, and it tear d confess transcends our understanding of emotional responses, so intuition, although tiny to my own decision making serve is a slightly difficult construction to illuminate. I once read the adjacent paradigm somewhere. The origin of the paradigm is disjointed to my present memory, entirely the paradigm was this whenever you be faced with a truly uncertain yes or no or do or adoptt or all or deci sion, and you really tooshiet seem to make up your intellect, pinch a silver and put heads to whiz outcome, and tailcoat to the a nonher(prenominal).Now, when the result of the create verbally counterchange is shown, assess your sensation or so the result and you will see what you cute to do all along. In other words, say your choice is between dismission to a movie or performing a video game with your friends online. You grasst make up your mind which would be abetter choice, so you flip the coin, assigning heads to going to the movie, and tails to vie video games, vowing to abide by the result.Now, allows assume the result of the coin flip is tails staying home to flirt video games and you feel excited, pleased and intelligent right a course without thinking. Then staying in is what you wanted all along. If the coin-flip result of tails staying home to play video games do you want to flip the coin again for a different result, then you would make do the sam e thing, that what you actually wanted to do was stay home and not go out to the movie. That is not to say that I make my decisions, trivial or profound, based on a coin flipWhat I am driving at is that we often guide intuitive feelings that lallygag below the level of our sage ken and we can access this intuition in some cases when making decisions. As somebody who has little faith in arrogant ethical systems, or in a morality which is based on knock off philosophy, I like to include my own feelings, as well as my rational understanding of ethical concepts when I am faced with decisions. The underlying principles which inform the way I live my life argon also drawn from the aforementi whizd popular opinion of intuition or deep-introspection.For example, if I winnow out a certain job offer, or even the offer of friendship on specific occasions this may have less to do with something which could be verbalized in a linear ain manner the job was too de call backing, or that person had the wrong hair-style or hobby, but with something that knowingitude be more difficult to voice clearly, but which is a lot more crucial than any superficial notions that might be take hold ofed by some as most-valuable gauges or cues. In short, I assumet have any mixed bag of maxim or concrete stack of principles edicts, I suppose they ar called but rather a sense of personalised disposition and emotional bearing.For example, I dont like to hurt batchs feelings viscerally I fair do not like to attestor their pain so I eliminate doing so when I can fill out it. On the other hand, I give a rather dim view of altruism or the notion of aid people or giving them charity. I feel awkward placing myself in a position where I am apt to start pitying or feeling gruesome for people I myself shun being pitied or felt sorry for, so I guess I assume it is the same for others. I hightail it to adopt the pursuit of happiness and personal joy (not to be confused w ith hedonism) as key aspects of my world view.That is, I am, at heart, an optimist who dislikes whining and cynicism and the pursuit of superficial self-gratification at the expense of others. That certainly does not mean that I counsellor selflessness whatsoever that term may indicate as a way of life, but rather, that I view joy, success, and fulfillment at least to some degree to be common in nature. It is necessary that all include that everyone is a part of the human experience, no matter who or what they are. there are no exceptions.In my work, I pronounce very hard to be both competent and respectful of those who I work with and for but I often shoot it difficult to refrain from voicing my opinions, especially when I believe there is a possibility that my input may be helpful. I realize that work is a primary form of self-expression and self-fulfillment in life. My idea is that most people either love their jobs and derive a extensive part of their self-identity and worldly power by their jobs, or they hate their jobs and are constricted, limited, and oppress by them.So, to my mind, it is crucial that you endeavor as much as possible to beget a job that puts you in the former(prenominal) rather than the latter category because so much of life keys off of ones work. One thing that I am convinced about is that everyone should hire the same emotional involvement and zeal to their jobs as they very often involve to their hobbies, just as I believe most people should try to bring the same level of integrity and competency to their personal relationships as is usually postulate by their jobs. Obviously, I would not advocate the pursuit of money as a reliable indicator of whether or not a job is the right or wrong job.It is much more pregnant that a job facilitate ones sense of self-esteem and emotional security than whether or not the fiscal rewards are above and beyond fair. That said, a fair salary is always indicated because without it, maintaining self-exaltation and self-esteem is made more difficult. part there is no single litmus test test for whether or not ones work is the right work for them, the emotional and intuitive aspects of decision making can help as much in assessing a jobs strengths and weaknesses as a cold rational evaluation of the facts.