O Pioneers!

O Pioneers! Was written by Willa Cather and was first published in 1913 and it is a literary fiction. This book is about all the hardships of living in the planes or even just the hardships and challenges that people had to endure in the life of a pioneer. O Pioneers! takes place between the late 1800s and the early 1900s in Hanover Nebraska. The main character in the book is Alexandra a strong, young woman who bests the difficult lifestyles of living in the great planes. Some of the themes shown in O Pioneers!  Could be self sacrifice, building a civilization out of nothing, and Imagination of pioneers. An example of self sacrifice is Alexandra, she gives up most of her childhood to making sure her farm flourishes and learning more effective methods of farming. Pioneers must have imagination because they have to be able to look at an empty plot of land and imagine the city that could spring up from the area or what their farm could potentially yield. Also pioneers build their civilization out of nothing on the frontier. Its originally just a bunch of grass and planes but farmers work the land and produce crops, and eventually it attracts more people. Life in the great planes was extremely difficult for multiple reasons. The great planes didn't have very many trees, and without trees there was no wood to build houses, so most pioneers built their houses out of sod. The winters were long and cold and the summers were hot and dry. Farmers had to plant crops that didn't require much water because they had to carry their water from nearby streams to their crops. There were many droughts and grass fires often started because it was so dry. Also there weren't that many people out in the great planes yet so they had to develop new technology making new farm equipment that would help make their farming easier. Women also play different roles in O Pioneers than the usual roles of women. The women work, and cross different gender lines on the frontier and for some women its a refreshing taste of freedom. In O Pioneers! Alexandra owns land on her own instead of the men in her family. This is an overall interesting book to the general public, it is ostly accurate in the depiction of how life was for pioneers in the late 1800s early 1900s or maybe even for the life of a pioneer in general, except for It shows the successful side of pioneering. Most pioneers ended up in debt by picking the wrong plot of land or just using the wrong farming techniques. But it does show the drought that made the majority of people in Hanover sell their land which Alexandra later invests in. O Pioneers is a useful book for the general audience in depicting some of the hardships of life in the great planes.

Grammar Translation Method Overview Essay

According to Fromkin (2011), grammar translation is a technique or method of second-language learning in which the student memorizes words and syntactic rules and translates them between the native language and target language. In other words, grammar translation method is a foreign language teaching that requires students to translate words and memorize. The goal is to make sure that the student able to read and translate the target language. Grammar translation method is a traditional method and was originally used to teach ‘dead’ languages (and literatures) such as Latin and Greek, involving little or no spoken communication or listening comprehension. The original purpose by using this method is to help students read and appreciate foreign language literature so that student can become more familiar with the grammar of their native language. This familiarity will help them speak and write their native language better. It was thought that foreign language learning would help students grow intellectually. Language learning is an upright intellectual workout for students. Knowledge of the target language and mother tongue would endow students mentally and it was predictable that students would probably never use the target language but the mental exercise of learning it would be useful anyhow. Many methodologies to second or foreign language teaching have been developed over the years. There are two broad categories that fall from second-language teaching method: the synthetic approach and analytic approach. Synthetic method emphases on the teaching of grammatical, lexical, phonological and functional units of the language step by step. This is a bottom-up method, a method that begins with the small units like phones and proceeds stepwise to increasingly larger units and often ending in a semantic interpretation. On the contrary, analytic approaches are more top-down. Top-down is a method that begins with the assumption that a large syntactic unit such as a sentence is present and the analyses it into successfully smaller constituents which are compared with the sensory or acoustic data to validate the analysis. With the aim of clarifying, grammar transmission method or GTM can be traced by its certain features. GTM characteristics and principals are: * Translation of a literary passage * The ability of communicating in the target language is not a goal * Memorization * The primary skills to be improved are reading and writing * Its focus is on accuracy, not fluency * The authority in the classroom is the teacher Therefore, by following all this features; classes should be taught in the mother tongue or student’s native language, with little active use of the target language or second language. Much vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isolated words, along with long elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar. Grammar provides the rule for putting words together, and instruction often focuses on the form and inflection of words. The reading activity of reading difficult classical texts is begun early and little attention is paid to the content of texts, which are treated as exercise in grammatical analysis.

Free Essays on Muhammad Ali

, Muhammad Ali announced his refusal to be inducted into the U.S. Army to fight in the Vietnam War because it was a violation of his belief as a Black Muslim. Muhammad Ali was born on January 17, 1942 in Louisville, Kentucky. Known as Cassius Clay up until the beginning of his boxing career when he was recruited by the Islamic leader, Malcolm X. He approached by Malcolm to embrace and accept Islam. As Ali saw the purity of this magnificent religion, Ali deg deeper into Islam’s beliefs and fully converted himself and changed his name to Muhammad Ali. In 1966 Ali was at the peak of his boxing career and was called out to by the U.S. government to go fight in the Vietnam War. Now to Ali, fighting in a war was against his beliefs as a Muslim. As a Muslim, Islam taught not to kill when not needed and Ali stayed true to these teachings. By Ali fighting with the government about not going to war at the peak of his boxing career at that time and age was very risky. The government soon stripped Ali of his dignity, respect, well-earned money and heavy weight belt. The U.S. government also suspended Ali’s boxing license, which gave him the ability to fight all over the U.S. and without it, he wasn’t allowed to step into the boxing ring. Ali started his â€Å"real† boxing career by fighting in the Olympics on September 5, 1960 and won the gold medal in the Roman Olympics. This fight launched his boxing career and every manager in the boxing game was running to sign Muhammad Ali but at the same time weren’t too sure to do so due to his political beliefs and religion. Ali was always discriminated against due to his race and religion, but the teachings of Islam taught him to be patient and just ignore it. So Ali did do so and kept of fighting to follow his dreams to become the greatest. On October 29,1960, Ali s... Free Essays on Muhammad Ali Free Essays on Muhammad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. later known as Muhammad Ali, was a black boxer, and was proud of it. Many African Americans were ashamed of their color, but Ali was different. He was the first boxer to win the Heavyweight Championship 3 different times. He had a great personality and was liked by the people. During his life, he made big decisions that changed the course of his life completely. Muhammad Ali's journey through life was a great inspiration for African American people, but Ali himself inspires admiration to everybody. Muhammad Ali was a man made to box. He had a great career before him since he made his first professional fight under President Eisenhower presidency. His Professional Career was really impressive. His had a great balance and was able to move his hands and feet in great speed and coordination. Ali was said to dance in the ring while destroying his opponents. Ali started fighting at a very short age, and his first teacher was Joe Martin (Hauser 18). Through hard work and discipline, he became a professional fighter and eventually the Heavyweight champion of the world. Although he lost the title twice, he regained it three times, putting him in the history books. His boxing career was put to an end when he started suffering from Parkinson's disease. This was the end of his boxing, but his greatness will never die. Muhammad Ali was not the kind of person that gets taken away with fame and money. He is a simple, unsophisticated person with a very loving heart, and very determined (Hauser 186). He did not care much about himself, he enjoyed making people happy. While training, he let people come and see him, charging them to see the show. Doing so, he earned about $1000 a day. After the training was over, he went home and gave away every cent to needy people, especially kids (Hauser 149). This was the kind of person Ali was. His big dream was to see peace in the country, racial peace. Also, he was not totally con... Free Essays on Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali â€Å"I aint no quarrel with the Vietcong†¦. no Vietcong ever called me a nigger†. With these bold words, Muhammad Ali announced his refusal to be inducted into the U.S. Army to fight in the Vietnam War because it was a violation of his belief as a Black Muslim. Muhammad Ali was born on January 17, 1942 in Louisville, Kentucky. Known as Cassius Clay up until the beginning of his boxing career when he was recruited by the Islamic leader, Malcolm X. He approached by Malcolm to embrace and accept Islam. As Ali saw the purity of this magnificent religion, Ali deg deeper into Islam’s beliefs and fully converted himself and changed his name to Muhammad Ali. In 1966 Ali was at the peak of his boxing career and was called out to by the U.S. government to go fight in the Vietnam War. Now to Ali, fighting in a war was against his beliefs as a Muslim. As a Muslim, Islam taught not to kill when not needed and Ali stayed true to these teachings. By Ali fighting with the government about not going to war at the peak of his boxing career at that time and age was very risky. The government soon stripped Ali of his dignity, respect, well-earned money and heavy weight belt. The U.S. government also suspended Ali’s boxing license, which gave him the ability to fight all over the U.S. and without it, he wasn’t allowed to step into the boxing ring. Ali started his â€Å"real† boxing career by fighting in the Olympics on September 5, 1960 and won the gold medal in the Roman Olympics. This fight launched his boxing career and every manager in the boxing game was running to sign Muhammad Ali but at the same time weren’t too sure to do so due to his political beliefs and religion. Ali was always discriminated against due to his race and religion, but the teachings of Islam taught him to be patient and just ignore it. So Ali did do so and kept of fighting to follow his dreams to become the greatest. On October 29,1960, Ali s...

art history terms Essay

art history terms Essay art history terms Essay Dark Age to Archaic Greece Iron Age: the period generally occurring after the Bronze Age, marked by the prevalent use of iron. Geometric Style; a phase of Greek art, characterised largely by geometric motifs in vase painting, that flourished towards the end of the Greek Dark Ages, circa 900 BC to 700 BC. Its centre was in Athens, and it was diffused amongst the trading cities of the Aegean Orientalizing Style; The period is characterized by a shift from the prevailing Geometric style to a style with different sensibilities, which were inspired by the East. Archaic Style:The termini of the Archaic period are defined as the "structural revolution", meaning a sudden upsurge of population and material goods that occurred c. 750 BC, and the "intellectual revolution" of classical Greece.[1] The end of archaism is conventionally marked by Xerxes' invasion of Greece in 480 BC. Zeus; rules the Olympians of Mount Olympus as a father rules the family according to theancient Greek religion. He is the god of sky and thunder in Greek mythology. Athena; goddess of wisdom, courage, inspiration, civilization, law and justice, just warfare, mathematics, strength, strategy, the arts, crafts, and skill. Herakles; Steal the apples of the Hesperides (He had the help of Atlas to pick them after Hercules had slain Ladon). Hermes; Hermes is a god of transitions and boundaries. He is quick and cunning, and moved freely between the worlds of the mortal and divine, as emissary and messenger of the gods,[1] intercessor between mortals and the divine, and conductor of souls into the afterlife. Dionysus; the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness andecstasy in Greek mythology. Apollo; The ideal of the kouros (a beardless, athletic youth), Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of light and the sun, truth and prophecy, healing, plague, music, poetry, and more. Medusa; a monster, a Gorgon, generally described as having the face of a hideous human female with living venomous snakes in place of hair. Gazing directly upon her would turn onlookers to stone. Perseus; founder of Mycenae and of the Perseid dynasty of Danaans, was the first of the heroes of Greek mythology whose exploits in defeating various archaic monsters provided the founding myths of the Twelve Olympians. Perseus beheaded the Gorgon Medusa, and saved Andromeda from the sea monster Cetus. Nike;a goddess who personified victory, also known as the Winged Goddess of Victory. kouros; meaning (male) youth, was first proposed for what were previously thought to be depictions of Apollo by V. I. Leonardos in 1895 in relation to the youth from Keratea,[2] and adopted by Lechat as a generic term for the standing male figure in 1904.[3] kore; equivalent to a male kouros. They both show the restrained "archaic smile", but - unlike the nude kouroi - korai are depicted in thick drapery, ornate and (in painted examples) very colorful and often have elaborate braided hairstyles. Parthenon in 1886 and called "the Korai of Acropolis". peplos; a body-length garment established as typical attire for women in ancient Greece by 500 BC (the Classical period). polis (mean: city-state); a political entity ruled by its body of citizens. archaic smile: their subject was alive, and infused with a sense of well-being. â€Å"Catastrophy† in the Aegean: Theories Evidence Effects Us vs. Them: Manufacturing Communities on Mainland Greece Darwinian/Evolutionary Theory; Johannes Winkelmann Archaic to Classical Greece Persian War; Cyrus; the founder of the Achaemenid Empire.[9] Under his rule, the empire embraced all the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East,[9] expanded vastly and eventually conquered most of Southwest Asia and much of Central Asia Xerxes; the fourth king of the kings of Achaemenid Empire. Ionian Revolt; The cities of Ionia had been conquered by Persia, the ionians then revolted Marathon; Greeks win Thermopylae; Xerces

Major General Benedict Arnold in the American Revolution

Major General Benedict Arnold in the American Revolution Benedict Arnold V was born January 14, 1741, to successful businessman Benedict Arnold III and his wife Hannah. Raised in Norwich, CT, Arnold was one of six children though only two, he and his sister Hannah, survived to adulthood. The loss of the other children led Arnolds father to alcoholism and prevented him from teaching his son the family business. First educated at a private school in Canterbury, Arnold was able to secure an apprenticeship with his cousins who operated mercantile and apothecary businesses in New Haven. In 1755, with the French Indian War raging he attempted to enlist in the militia but was stopped by his mother. Successful two years later, his company departed to relieve Fort William Henry but returned home before seeing any fighting. With the death of his mother in 1759, Arnold increasingly had to support his family due to his fathers declining condition. Three years later, his cousins loaned him the money to open an apothecary and bookstore. A skilled merchant, Arnold was able to raise the money to buy three ships in partnership with Adam Babcock. These traded profitably until the imposition of the Sugar and Stamp Acts. Pre-American Revolution Opposed to these new royal taxes, Arnold soon joined the Sons of Liberty and effectively became a smuggler as he operated outside of the new laws. During this period he also faced financial ruin as debts began to accumulate. In 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, daughter of the sheriff of New Haven. The union would produce three sons before her death in June 1775. As tensions with London increased, Arnold increasingly became interested in military matters and was elected a captain in the Connecticut militia in March 1775. With the beginning of the American Revolution the following month, he marched north to take part in the siege of Boston. Fort Ticonderoga Arriving outside Boston, he soon offered a plan to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety for a raid on Fort Ticonderoga in northern New York. Supporting Arnolds plan, the committee issued him a commission as a colonel and dispatched him north. Reaching the vicinity of the fort, Arnold encountered other colonial forces under Colonel Ethan Allen. Though the two men initially clashed, they resolved their disagreements and captured the fort on May 10. Moving north, Arnold conducted a raid against Fort Saint-Jean on the Richelieu River. With the arrival of new troops, Arnold fought with the commander and returned south. Invasion of Canada Without a command, Arnold became one of several individuals who lobbied for an invasion of Canada. The Second Continental Congress finally authorized such an operation, but Arnold was passed over for command. Returning to the siege lines in Boston, he convinced General George Washington to send a second expedition north via the wilderness of Maines Kennebec River. Receiving permission for this scheme and a commission as a colonel in the Continental Army, he embarked in September 1775 with around 1,100 men. Short on food, hampered by poor maps, and facing degrading weather, Arnold lost over half his force en route. Reaching Quebec, he was soon joined by the other American force led by Major General Richard Montgomery. Uniting, they launched a failed attempt to capture the city on December 30/31 in which he was wounded in the leg and Montgomery killed. Though defeated at the Battle of Quebec, Arnold was promoted to brigadier general and maintained a loose siege of the city. After overseeing American forces at Montreal, Arnold commanded the retreat south in 1776 following the arrival of British reinforcements. Troubles in the Army Constructing a scratch fleet on Lake Champlain, Arnold won a critical strategic victory at Valcour Island in October which delayed the British advance against Fort Ticonderoga and the Hudson Valley until 1777. His overall performance earned Arnold friends in Congress and he developed a relationship with Washington. Conversely, during his time in the north, Arnold alienated many in the army through courts-martial and other inquiries. In the course of one of these, Colonel Moses Hazen charged him with stealing military supplies. Though the court ordered his arrest, it was blocked by Major General Horatio Gates. With the British occupation of Newport, RI, Arnold was sent to Rhode Island by Washington to organize new defenses. In February 1777, Arnold learned that he had been passed over for promotion to major general. Angered by what he perceived to be politically motivated promotions, he offered his resignation to Washington which was refused. Traveling south to Philadelphia to argue his case, he aided in fighting a British force at Ridgefield, CT. For this, he received his promotion though his seniority was not restored. Angered, he again prepared to offer his resignation but did not follow through upon hearing that Fort Ticonderoga had fallen. Racing north to Fort Edward, he joined Major General Philip Schuylers northern army. Battles of Saratoga Arriving, Schuyler soon dispatched him with 900 men to relieve the siege of Fort Stanwix. This was quickly accomplished through a use of ruse and deception and he returned to find that Gates was now in command. As Major General John Burgoynes army marched south, Arnold advocated aggressive action but was blocked by the cautious Gates. Finally receiving permission to attack, Arnold won a fight at Freemans Farm on September 19. Excluded from Gates report of the battle, the two men clashed and Arnold was relieved of his command. Ignoring this fact, he raced to the fighting at Bemis Heights on October 7 and guided American troops to victory. Philadelphia In the fighting at Saratoga, Arnold was again wounded in the leg he had injured at Quebec. Refusing to allow it to be amputated, he had it crudely set leaving it two inches shorter than his other leg. In recognition of his bravery at Saratoga, Congress finally restored his command seniority. Recovering, he joined Washingtons army at Valley Forge in March 1778 to much acclaim. That June, following the British evacuation, Washington appointed Arnold to serve as military commander of Philadelphia. In this position, Arnold quickly began making questionable business deals to rebuild his shattered finances. These angered many in the city who began collecting evidence against him. In response, Arnold demanded a court-martial to clear his name. Living extravagantly, he soon began courting Peggy Shippen, the daughter of a prominent Loyalist judge, who had previously attracted the eye of Major John Andre during the British occupation. The two were married in April 1779. The Road to Betrayal Angered by a perceived lack of respect and encouraged by Peggy who retained lines of communication with the British, Arnold began reaching out to the enemy in May 1779. This offer reached Andrà © who consulted with General Sir Henry Clinton in New York. While Arnold and Clinton negotiated compensation, the American began providing a variety of intelligence. In January 1780, Arnold was largely cleared of the charges levied against him earlier, though in April a Congressional inquiry found irregularities pertaining to his finances during the Quebec campaign. Resigning his command at Philadelphia, Arnold successfully lobbied for command of West Point on the Hudson River. Working through Andrà ©, he came to an agreement in August to surrender the post to the British. Meeting on September 21, Arnold and Andrà © sealed the deal. Departing the meeting, Andrà © was captured two days later as he returned to New York City. Learning of this on September 24, Arnold was forced to flee to HMS Vulture in the Hudson River as the plot was exposed. Remaining calm, Washington investigated the scope of betrayal and offered to exchange Andrà © for Arnold. This was refused and Andrà © was hung as a spy on October 2. Later Life Receiving a commission as a brigadier general in the British Army, Arnold campaigned against American forces in Virginia later that year and in 1781. In his last major action of the war, he won the Battle of Groton Heights in Connecticut in September 1781. Effectively viewed as a traitor by both sides, he did not receive another command when the war ended despite lengthy efforts. Returning to life as a merchant he lived in Britain and Canada before his death in London on June 14, 1801.

Stream process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stream process - Essay Example The teacher decided to split us into three groups so that we could all take notes and come to a unanimous or different decision all together from our observations. Water moves in a straightforward line and it contains a very destructive force that enables it to create this path. We noticed that it was able to penetrate the sand in all accounts due to the large air spaces found between the particles. In addition, the water moved the sand over small distances where this is often referred to as displacement. However, the water did not move linear when there were obstacles in the course. It either cut deeper where the material was too strong such as rocks also changed the entire direction of flow where the material was completely impermeable forming features such as meanders (John 67). Protecting the rivers is a taxing activity that is very challenging to those who decide to undertake the exercise. A revitalizing and restoring community waterfront makes the rivers focal points for the municipalities and ensures minimal wastage of water. It is important to modify irrigation systems, intake systems, canals and dams to guarantee safe fish route and the protection of ingoing stream flows. Looking at the effects of climate to rivers, it is noticeable to conclude that high temperatures lower the volumes of water in rivers and this might lead to the river drying up. In comparison, the rainy season overloads the rivers making them flood areas and this might alter the normal flow of the water (John

Membrane Transport and Extreme cold tolerance Essay

Membrane Transport and Extreme cold tolerance - Essay Example There are different types of membranes like the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane serves the purpose of ensuring effective transportation of compounds like nutrients, ions and metabolism. The plasma membrane provides a wall or separation between extracellular and intracellular spaces and serves a critical and important function in exchange of materials. The membrane also serves as a detective by transmitting extracellular stimuli signals. The transmission of the signal is done by the proteins contained in the membrane. The membrane is made in a way in which it withstands stress stimuli from the extracellular space. For effectiveness of transportation of compounds, the membrane should adopt to all types of stress including hot, cold and warm climates. In case the membrane is not able to cope with the stimuli in the extracellular space, transportation of materials does not take place. The cells which adapt to the stress have proteomic properties which help the cell to adopt to any e xternal condition. For growth and living a health life the organism should have a membrane that can adopt any condition.Any membrane like the plasma membrane is made to adapt to abiotic stresses. The abiotic stresses restrict the growth, distribution and reproduction of an organism. The abiotic stresses include things like extreme cold temperature, light, drought, salt and physical pressure among others. The availability of the proteomics in a membrane has shown that organism is able to cope with extreme cold temperature.